The fifth and final component consists of soils, sediments and rocks of the land masses, continental and oceanic crust, and ultimately, the interior of Earth itself. Have a role to influence the global climate that varies in time scales.
Changes in global climate that extend for tens and even hundreds of millions of years, are due to modulations of the inner Earth. Changes in the shape of ocean basins and the size of continental mountain ranges, affecting the energy transfer of the climate system.
In much smaller time scales, chemical and physical processes affect certain characteristics of the soil, such as the availability of moisture, runoff, and fluxes of greenhouse gases and aerosols into the atmosphere and oceans. Volcanism, but is driven by the slow movement of tectonic plates, occurs regularly in time scales much smaller. Volcanic eruptions add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that has been removed by the biosphere and also emit large amounts of dust and aerosols. These processes explain briefly, the geosphere may affect the global climate system (GCCIP, 1997).
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